Gerrit Northrop's son in law

Bulkley

Alvin's son in law

Sarah Alvord
sister-in-law

could Jeremiah's wife be Phebe Fenn??? Alvin's son ALSO through Rachel Ives Hannah Ives married in New Haven perhaps married to Austin Fenn's of Theophilus (buried in Litchfield) or Edward. Hannah died Weston, VT? Austin Fenn, b. 23 Dec 1763 his mother's surname is Austin , d. 30 Jul 1845, . Hannah Ives (d. 20 May 1829) or Edward. Hannah died Weston, VT? in VT by 1801 and perhaps as early as 1794. Austin Fenn, b. 23 Dec 1763 his mother's surname is Austin married before 1793 prob in VT by 1805, d. 30 Jul 1845, . Hannah Ives (d. 20 May 1829)
----------------------
Also neighbor in 1800 Kent. Also lived close to Ives 1790 Wallingford

Alvin J. Middle name and Sarah's mother and sister-in-law Also possible through Samuel Mead Northrup (1817) s/oPhillip ???

Mary Keeler Middle name

Amos' sister-in-law (Gerrit's wife Elizabeth Betsy Millard )
also Sarah's sister-in-law Nelson Alvord's 2nd wife Adelia Millard

Alvin's son in law

Sarah Alvord sister-in-law

Alvin's wife

 Alvin’s eldest son

1790 Census
free white males over 16; free white males under 16; women of all ages; "all other free people"; and slaves - 5 columns

1800 Census
head of family

free white males < age 10
FWM age 10-1
FWM age 16-26
FWM age 26-45
FWM over age 45Number of free white females under age 10

FWF age 10-16
FWF age 16-26
FWF age 26-45
FWF over age 45
Number of all other free persons
Number of slaves

1810 Census

City or township
Name head of family
# free white male < 10
# free white male 10-15
# free white male 16-25
# free white male 26-44
# free white male 44+
# free white female < 10
# free white female 10-15# free white female 16-25# free white female 26-44# free white female 44+
# all other free persons
# slaves

1820 Census

Name of the head of family
# of free white males under age 10
# of free white males age 10-16
# of free white males age 16-18
# of free white males age 16-26
# of free white males age 26-45
# of free white males age 45 and up

# of free white females under age 10
# of free white females age 10-16
# of free white females age 16-26
# of free white females age 26-45
# of free white females age 45 and up
# of foreigners not naturalized
# of persons engaged in agriculture
# of persons engaged in commerce
# of persons engaged in manufacture
# of male slaves under 14
# of male slaves age 14-26
# of male slaves age 26-45
# of male slaves age 45 and up
# of female slaves under 14
# of female slaves age 14-26
# of female slaves age 26-45
# of female slaves age 45 and up
# of free male colored persons under 14
# of free male colored persons age 14-26
# of free male colored persons age 26-45
# of free male colored persons age 45 and up
# of free female colored persons under 14
# of free female colored persons age 14-26
# of free female colored persons age 26-45
# of free female colored persons age 45 and up
# of all other persons except Indians not taxed

Several of these columns were for special counts, and not to be included in the aggregate total. Doing so would have resulted in counting some individuals twice. Census takers were asked to use double lines, red ink or some other method of distinguishing these columns so that double counting would not occur. For example, the count of free white males between 16 and 18 was a special count, because these individuals were also supposed to be tabulated in the column for free white males of age 16 and under 26. The other special counts were foreigners not naturalized, persons engaged in agriculture, persons engaged in commerce, and persons engaged in manufacture.

Census takers were also instructed to count each individual in only one of the occupational columns. For example, if an individual was engaged in agriculture, commerce, and manufacture, the census taker had to judge which one the individual was primarily engaged i

1830 Census

head of family
Address

free white males and females

in five-year age groups to age 20
in 10-year age groups from 20 to 100
100 years and older

number of slaves and free colored persons in six age group
number of deaf and dumb

under 14 years old

14 to 24 years old

25 years and older

number of blind

foreigners not naturalized

1840 Census

Name of head of family
Address
Number of free white males and females

  in five-year age   groups to age 20
  in 10-year age   groups from 20 to   100
  100 years and older

number of slaves and free colored persons in six age groups

number of deaf and dumb

number of blind

number of insane and idiotic in public or private charge

number of persons in each family employed in seven classes of occupation

number of schools and number of scholars

number of white persons over 20 who could not read and write

number of pensioners for Revolutionary or military service

1850 Census

name
address
age
sex
color (white, black or mulatto) for each person
whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane or idiotic
value of real estate owned (required of all free persons)

profession, occupation or trade of each male over 15 years of age

place (state, territory or country) of birth

whether married within the year

whether attended school within the year

whether unable to read and write (for persons over 20)

whether a pauper or convict

1860 Census
name
address
age
sex
color (white, black or mulatto) for each person
whether deaf and dumb, blind, insane or idiotic
value of real estate and of personal estate owned (required of all free persons)
profession, occupation or trade of each male and female over 15 years of age
place (state, territory or country) of birth
whether married within the year
whether attended school within the year
whether unable to read and write (for persons over 20)
whether a pauper or convict

Ephraim Hubbel, Sherwood, Noble, Fuller Peter Hubbel (of Greenfield) ,Richard Hubbel, Jedediah Hubbel (also as JH, Esq. ) Johnathan Hubbel, Prudden, Burr, Silliman Morehouse,Wakeman Noble, Northrop, Hickox, Hurlbut, Wheeler Samuel Canfleld, John Smith, David Smith, Nathaniel Smith, Joseph Fuller, Pelatiah Marsh.Cyrus Marsh, , Ebenezer Marsh, ,,William Marsh Azariah Pratt, Daniel Pratt, Joseph Pratt Jr., Daniel Pratt, Peter Pratt, Joseph Peck, John Porter, ,Nathaniel Sanford, Henry Silsby, Jabez Swift, Zephania Swift, Nathaniel Slosson, Isaac Camp, Isaac Camp

The old deeds refer frequently to the Fairweather purchase, but as there is no deed on record in Kent of this property a search was made through the old colonial records where it was found that in 1707 there was a large tract of land granted to Hon. Nathaniel Gold, Peter Burr and several others of Fairfleld for a township in what is now the southern portion of Kent and the northern portion of New Milford, and that they in turn sold a part or all of it to Robert Silliman, Richard Hubbell and Benjamin Fairweather of Fairfleld." That contained some 3,800 acres and was six miles in length from east to west and three hundred rods wide. When the owner died the large tract was divided between his heirs.

Humphreys had always been interested in manufacturing and during his visits to England and France, studied their industrial systems carefully.  In 1803, Humphreys started one of the finest woolen mills in the country on a large piece of property located at the falls on the Naugatuck River near many other little mills. 

The village prospered and attracted other manufacturing concerns.  Items such as cotton cloth, paper, furniture and tools such as augers and bits were produced.

Trans- ylvania

Southbury/ Roxbury Road Route 67)

Trans- ylvania Crossroads, locally known as Pine Tree

The oath of fidelity to which freemen were obliged to subscribe before they could exercise the rights that accrued to them when they had taken the freeman's oath:

"You do swear by the ever-living God that you will truly and faithfully adhere to and maintain the government established in this state under the authority of the people, agreeable to the laws in force within the same, and that you believe in your conscience that the King of Great Britain hath not, nor of right ought to have any authority or dominion in or over this state, and that you do not hold yourself bound to yield any allegiance or obedience to him within the same, and that you will, to the unmost of your power, maintain and defend the freedom, independance and privileges of this state against all open enemies or traitorous conspiracies whatsoever, so help you God. And no person shall have authority to execute any of the offices aforesaid after the first day of January next, until he hath taken said oath, and all persons who hereafter shall be appointed to any of said offices shall take said oath before they enter upon the execution of their offices. And no freemen within this state shall be allowed to vote in the election of any of the officers of government until he hath taken the aforesaid oath in the open freemans' meeting in the town where he dwells."

"Names of those persons that have appeared to take the oath of fidelity prescribed by the General Assembly of this state at a General Assembly of the State of CT holden at Hartford in said state on the second Thursday of May, A. D.( 1777."

David Ives of Goshen was an officer - a First Lieutenant of the Green Mountain Boys. He was born 15 Jun 1740 Wallingford, CT s/o Father: Benjamin Ives Sgt. Mother: Hannah Moss Spouse: Eunice GILLET
He is probably the David Ives "of Goshen" who lays out Fairfield VT ~ 1766 for many residents of Fairfield and New Fairfield CT. This includes Northrops, Bradleys and Wakemans.

The Green Mountain Boys were a militia organization first established in the 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants (which later became the state ofVT). Headed by Ethan Allen and members of his extended family, they were instrumental in resisting New York's attempts to control the territory, over which it had won de jure control in a territorial dispute with New Hampshire.

When these disputes led to the formation of the VT Republic in 1777, the Green Mountain Boys became the state militia. Some companies served in the American Revolutionary War, including notably when the Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen captured fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain on May 10, 1775; the invasion of Canada in 1775; and the battles at Hubbardton and Bennington in 1777.

Following VT's admission to the Union in 1791, the original organization essentially disbanded. The Green Mountain Boys mustered again during the War of 1812, the Civil War, and the Spanish-American War. Today it is the informal name of the VT National Guard which comprises both the Army and Air National Guards.

~~~

Historical unit

The original Green Mountain Boys were a militia organized in what is now southwestern VT in the decade prior to theAmerican Revolutionary War. They comprised settlers and land speculators who held New Hampshire titles to lands between the CT River and Lake Champlain, an area then known as the New Hampshire Grants, that is now modern VT. New York was given legal control of the area by a decision of the British crown and refused to respect the New Hampshire titles and town charters. Although a few towns with New York land titles, notably Brattleboro on the CT River, supported the change, the vast majority of the settlers in the sparsely populated frontier region rejected the authority of New York.

With several hundred members, the Green Mountain Boys effectively controlled the area where New Hampshire grants had been issued. They were led by Ethan Allen, his brother Ira Allen, and their cousins Seth Warner and Remember Baker. They were based at the Catamount Tavern in Bennington. By the 1770s, the Green Mountain Boys had become an armed military force and de facto government that prevented New York from exercising its authority in the northeast portion of theProvince of New York. New York authorities had standing warrants for the arrest of the leaders of the rebellious VTers, but were unable to exercise them. New York surveyors and other officials attempting to exercise their authority were prevented from doing so and in some cases were severely beaten, and settlers arriving to clear and work land under New York–issued grants were forced off their land, and sometimes had their possessions destroyed. At the same time, New York sought to extend its authority over the territory. During an event once known as the Westminster massacre, anti-Yorkers occupied the courthouse in Westminster to prevent a New York judge from holding court, and two men were killed in the ensuing standoff. Ethan Allen then went to Westminster with a band of Boys, and organized a convention calling for the territory's independence from New York.

When the American Revolutionary War started in 1775, Ethan Allen and a troop of his men, along with CT ColonelBenedict Arnold, marched up to Lake Champlain and captured the strategically important military posts at Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Fort George, all in New York. The Boys also briefly held St. John's in Québec, but retreated on word of arriving British regulars. The Green Mountain Boys later formed the basis of the VT militia that selected Seth Warner as its leader. Some of the Green Mountain Boys preferred to stick with Ethan Allen and were captured along with Allen in August 1775 in a bungled attempt to capture the city of Montreal. Some members of this unit wereCongressman Matthew Lyon and Lieutenant Benjamin Tucker. Benjamin Tucker joined the British Military during his capture, because of this his name was rebuked by Ethan Allen and his men.[citation needed]

VT eventually declared itself an independent nation in January 1777, and organized a government based in Windsor. The army of the VT Republic was based upon the Green Mountain Boys. Although VT initially supported the American Revolutionary War and sent troops to fight John Burgoyne's British invasion from Quebec in battles at Hubbardton and Bennington in 1777, VT eventually adopted a more neutral stance and became a haven for desertersfrom both the British and colonial armies. George Washington, who had more than sufficient difficulties with the British, brushed off Congressional demands that he subdue VT. During the Haldimand Affair some members of the Green Mountain Boys became involved in secret negotiations with British officials about restoring the Crown's rule over the territory.

The VT Army version of the Green Mountain Boys faded away after VT joined the United States as the 14th U.S. state in 1791, although the Green Mountain Boys mustered for the War of 1812, The Civil War, the Spanish-American War, and following World War I as the VT National Guard.

The Flag of the Green Mountain Boys: the green represents the Green Mountains of VT where the militia hails, and the 13 stars in the field of blue represents the 13 American colonies.

• Ethan Allen – militia leader (general)
• Seth Warner – militia leader (colonel)
• Ira Allen – militia leader, and the founder of The University of VT (Ethan's brother)
• Remember Baker – militia member (captain) (Ethan's cousin)
• Ebenezer Allen – militia member (lieutenant) (Ethan's cousin)
• Matthew Lyon – militia member (second lieutenant), and future congressman
• Thomas Rowley – militia member and spokesman, known as the "Bard of the Green Mountains" who "Set the Hills on Fire".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Mountain_Boys

Burlington

Cornwall, VT

The settlement was commenced in 1774 by Asa Blodget, Eldad Andrus, Aaron Scott, Nathan Foot, William Douglas, James Bentley, Jr., Samuel Blodget, and Joseph Troup. When Ticonderoga was abandoned to the British in 1777, the settlers all fled to the south, and did not return till after the war.  In the winter of 1784, about thirty families came into the township from Connecticut." 

Gazetteer of Vermont, Hayward, 1849. 

      The original grantees of Cornwall were probably residents of Litchfield county, Connecticut. The charter granted to them was signed by Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire, on the 3d day of November, 1761. 

      The following are their names; Elias REED, Thomas Chipman, Murry LESTER, Samuel LEE, Josiah HEATH, James NICHOLS, Josiah DEAN, Ebenezer FLETCHER, Samuel KEEP, Roswell STEEL, Alexander GASTON, George NICHOLS, William NICHOLS, John JUDD, Timothy BROWNSON, Solomon LINSLEY, Andrew ESQUIRE, Moses BUCK, David COWLES, Moses READ the 3d, Zuriel JACOBS, William TRUMBULL, Stephen BENTON, Sarah NICHOLS, Benjamin SMALLEY, John WILLOBY, Joel REED, Joseph WILLIAMS, James NICHOLS, jr., Enoch SLAWSON, Phinehas HOLDCOM, Josiah WILLOBY, Samuel CHIPMAN, Thomas TUTTLE, Jabez TUTTLE, John SKINNER, Samuel HULBURD, Hannah AUSTIN, Ruluff WHITE, David AVERILL, Amos CHIPMAN, Jabez WILLIAMS, James SMITH, Andrew BROWNSON and John SCOVILL, one right; Samuel JUDD, Eleanor SMITH, Benjamin WOODRUFF, Jonah SANDFORD, William REED, Nathan BENTON, Abiel LINSLEY, John EVERTS, James LANDON, esq., James LANDON, jr., Ezekiel LANDON, Thomas LANDON, John HUTCHINSON, esq., William HAM, David REED, David STEVENS, Richard WIBERD, esq., Joseph NEWMARCH, esq., Samuel BEEBEE, Isaac BENTON.

      Owing to the glaring discrepancies between the town lines, as established by the charter, and a re-survey dated September 25, 1784, both of which were grossly inaccurate, a controversy arose beween Cornwall and Whiting, which in 1789 ripened into a law suit. The result being unfavorable to Cornwall, the proprietors thereof repeatedly petitioned the Legislature for a rehearing, which was probably granted. Orin Field, an early resident of Cornwall near the Whiting border, is quoted in Matthew's History of Cornwall as substantially saying:

The proprietors, after organizing under their charter, adopted the name of Cornwall, from a town in Litchfield county. Their early meetings were held in Salisbury, Conn. The proceedings at these meetings can be only inferred, however, as the record was burned in Connecticut in 1788. If there were, therefore, any general survey and allotments of land in the town previous to that time, all traces of the division lines were so far obliterated by the loss of the records that the settlers, while claiming under some original right, consulted their preferences respecting the location of their claims. Hence it frequently happened that lots claimed under the same right were situated in different parts of the town. These claims were denominated "pitches." Lots were also granted to settlers who had performed some town service, such as working on the highways, irrespective of the quantity of land previously granted, a method which resulted in unavoidable confusion and controversy, some of the later claimants finding no land unoccupied, "while many of the settlers, shrewdly observing the boundaries of the pitches occupied by their neighbors, after the lapse of years found vacant lots that had escaped the notice of surveyors and claimants, which they secured for themselves simply by having them surveyed, and the survey entered upon the record." The difficulties thus engendered were not removed for years, and undoubtedly retarded the settlement of Cornwall. The custom was not confined to this town, however, but prevailed in all or nearly all the towns in the State.

      The first settlers of Cornwall were Asa BLODGET, James BENTLEY, James BENTLEY, jr., Thomas BENTLEY, Joseph THROOP, Theophilus ALLEN, William DOUGLASS, Samuel BENTON, Eldad ANDRUS, Samuel BLODGET, Sardius BLODGET, Solomon LINSLEY, Aaron SCOTT and Nathan FOOT. They arrived and made their pitches in 1774. The eight first named selected their lands in the east part of the township, bounding on Otter Creek, and by the change of limits, in 1796 became inhabitants of Middlebury. The remaining six made their pitches in the northern and central parts of this town.

      In 1775 Ebenezer STEBBINS, Joel LINSLEY and John HOLLEY made their pitches, and in 1776 Jonah SANFORD, Obadiah WHEELER and James Marsh DOUGLASS settled their locations. None of these names except those of Solomon LINSLEY and Jonah SANFORD is endorsed on the charter. With these exceptions, and two or three others who came after the war, the surveys uniformly specify certain "original rights," on which their claims were leased.

Dr. Nathan FOOT, from Watertown, Conn., made his first pitch in the extreme east part of the town, on the verge of the swamp. The farm is not now occupied, but was afterward owned by his son Nathan, and in 1862 and later by Maria FOOT and William TURNER. A few years after his arrival here he built a second log house west of the highway, and later still a framed house. He died in Charlotte in 1807. Mrs. William TURNER is his great-granddaughter. These surveys were all made in 1774 by Judge Gamaliel PAINTER, of Middlebury.

Daniel FOOT, one of the four sons of Dr. Nathan FOOT, who settled in Cornwall, made a pitch for himself after the war, on the east side of the road, embracing land now owned by Henry LANE, some distance south of the MATTHEWs's homestead. He was a fearless, adventurous man, and bore a perilous part in the war. He died August 24, 1848, aged eighty-nine years.

      Nathan FOOT, jr., came to Cornwall with his father, and in addition to the latter's donation of land, purchased of him one hundred and twenty-five acres, and pitched some lots on his own account. He built and for many years kept, a tavern, on the site now occupied by Mrs. William TURNER. He died November 16, 1828.

      Abijah FOOT built on the corner northeast of the tavern of Nathan, jr., and after a few years sold to Dr. Daniel CAMPBELL. Mrs. FOOT was joint tenant of this lot with Abijah. He died at Cayuga, N. Y., in 1841, and Abijah died here in 1795. The property afterwards came into the hands of Dr. Frederick FORD.

      Samuel BARTHOLOMEW came from Watertown, Conn., in 1786, and settled north of Abijah FOOT, on the present farm of Joseph ADAMS. He devoted himself exclusively to the raising of fruits, but not profiting so highly as he expected, he removed to Kentucky about 1812, where he died a few years later. He was a man of social habits and intelligent mind, but carried a spirit of independence to an eccentric degree. He wrote poetry, and published one volume of nearly one hundred pages, entitled Will Wittling, or the Spoiled Child.

  William SLADE came from Washington, Conn., to Clarendon, Rutland county, about 1780, and three or four years later removed to Cornwall and made his pitch on the land now owned and occupied by John TOWLE, where he continued to reside until his death in 1826, at the age of seventy-three years. Being of vigorous and energetic nature and withal a born politician, he took an active part in the management of town affairs, and was sheriff of the county from 1810 to 1811. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was for a time on board the Jersey prison ship. He was a firm supporter of Madison during the War of 1812. His house was the birthplace of the Rev. Henry H. HUDSON, the Shakespearean critic and student. 

      In 1783 or '84 Jesse CHIPMAN settled on the farm now occupied by Peter BESETTE. In 1804 he sold to Ethan A. SHERWOOD, and removed from Cornwall. 

      James and Nathan CAMPBELL settled in 1793 on a lot embraced in the well known Benjamin STEVENS farm, and remained there, each in a log house, until 1793, when they sold to Benjamin STEVENS and removed from town. STEVENS came to Cornwall from Pittsford, Vt. He suffered a cruel imprisonment of three years' duration at Quebec during the War of the Revolution. He died June 16, 1815, aged fifty-three years. The site occupied by James CAMPBELL was afterwards the house of Dr. Solomon FOOT, father of Hon. Solomon FOOT, and Dr. Jonathan FOOT, a sketch of whose lives will be found in the chapters devoted to their respective professions. 

      Wait SQUIER built on the east side of the road about sixty rods south of STEVENS's house at an early day, but removed to New Haven in 1793. Opposite him Timothy SQUIER settled on the place now occupied by Joseph PARKER, his house standing on the high ground about sixty rods southwest of the present buildings. Further south on the west side of the road Solomon PLUMB settled on the place afterwards known as the ABBOTT farm, now occupied by Amos ATWOOD. 

      Shadrach NORTON settled in 1784 on the farm now owned by Charles STEVENS. In 1787 Benjamin HALL bought of Joseph PLUMB and located on the place now owned by J. M. STEVENS. Three years earlier Barzillai STICKNEY settled on the next farm south. He was chosen constable at the organization of the town. The same year Daniel SCOVEL, from Cornwall, Conn., located on the farm now the home of Walter ATWOOD, where he died in 1813. His brother, Ezra SCOVEL, settled also in 1784 on the present farm of H. S. SCOVEL, his grandson David B. WOODRUFF made his pitch and built his cabin east of Ezra SCOVEL and near the swamp. In 1794 he sold to Lemuel CHAPMAN, who lived there for some time. The place now owned and occupied by Douglass E. SEARL was originally settled by Eliakim MALLORY. It lies on the town line west of MALLORY's farm. Elisha FIELD, sr., bought one hundred acres of Eldad ADAMS, and in 1783 built thereon his log house. He was born in Amherst, Mass., in 1717, removed to Bennington in 1763, and thence to Cornwall in 1782. He died in 1791, in his seventy-third year. Franklin HOOKER is his great-grandson. Elisha FIELD, jr., settled in 1790 on the farm now occupied by Mrs. L. W. HALL. He died at the age of eighty-eight years in 1852. Among his descendants are B. S. FIELD and O. A. FIELD, grandsons, and their children, all of this town. Ebenezer NEWELL owned a lot north of the FIELD farm, which he afterwards sold in part to Richard MINER and in part to Harvey BELL, a cloth-dresser, who removed to Middlebury. 

      A.H. SPERRY, now a resident of Cornwall, is his great-grandson; Daniel SPERRY, son of David lived just north of him, and south of Jacob LINDSEY, sr., while across from the latter Wait WOOSTER lived. 

      On the farm owned at an early day by Alonzo L. BINGHAM, and now owned by Hon. Rollin J. JONES, Simeon SANFORD, of Litchfield, Conn., settled, having purchased from Jonah SANFORD, an original proprietor. Farther north David PRATT settled in 1793 on a farm purchased from Jared IVES. Deacon Amzi JONES, from Hoosick, N. Y., bought the place of PRATT about 1799, having lived for seven years previously below the bridge across Lemon Fair. He was a son of Zebulon JONES, who settled on the farm next the cemetery, now owned by W. M. EASTON. His descendants now living in Cornwall are Hon. Rollin J. JONES, Jason and his children, E. E. and Henry JONES, and Mrs. ROBINSON. 

      Jared IVES, from Cheshire, Conn., settled in 1787 on the west side of the road, north of David PRATT. Enos IVES lived nearly across the road from him. John ROCKWELL, jr., came to Cornwall from Ridgefield, Conn., in 1784, and settled on the farm now owned and occupied by his grandson, S. S. ROCKWELL. He first built on the west side of the road. He gradually acquired an extensive farm, which, after his death at the age of seventy-one years, September 5, 1825, become the property of his son, John ROCKWELL, who conveyed the farm to his son, the present owner, over a quarter of a century ago. John ROCKWELL, sr., followed his children to Cornwall, and lived on the place now occupied by W. C. WALLACE. He died September 9, 1825, aged ninety-two years. 

      Ezra and Isaac MEAD settled in 1786 on the west side of the road, north of John ROCKWELL. They sold to Jacob INGRAHAM. 

      Nathan JACKSON located on the east side of the road nearly across from Jacob INGRAHAM, and followed his occupation of blacksmithing. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and prided himself on enjoying the personal confidence of General Washington. 

      Rufus MEAD, brother of Ezra and Isaac, in 1786 bought of Abel WRIGHT the farm now occupied by Mrs. W. W. WRIGHT, and built, first at the base of the hill and afterward on the present highway. Of his sons, three, Hiram, Martin L. and Charles M., were graduated from Middlebury College, and another, Rufus, was for a number of years editor of the Middlebury Register. 

      Solomon MEAD bought of Abel WRIGHT in 1795 the farm now occupied by Azial HAMILTON. From him the farm passed to Timothy TURNER, Zenas SKINNER, and Reuben P. BINGHAM. Silas MEAD was located farther north on the present farm of S. S. ANDRUS. 

      On the farm where J. A. FOOT lived, his grandfather, David FOOT, from Watertown, Conn., settled at an early day. He had several sons who led prominent lives in town. His descendants here now are J. A. FOOT, grandson, R. A. FOOT, great-grandson, and his sons Abram and Frank. 

      On the WOOSTER farm, so called, just north of the Lemon Fair bridge, William DWINELL first built his log cabin near a spring on the east side of the road. He sold this farm to Deacon Amzi JONES, and he to Moses WOOSTER, who came from Virginia. He fought in the Revolution and was captured on Long Island, treated cruelly, and at a later day was confined in New York, where he was nearly starved on damaged provisions. He was the father of the Hon. Dorastus WOOSTER, formerly of Middlebury. The farm is now in the hands of L. H. PAYNE. 

      Isaac MEAD was an early settler on the farm now occupied by B. B. RICE. General Somers GALE afterwards lived on the farm. He was an influential citizen, and commanded a detachment at Plattsburgh in 1814. He was born in Panton in 1775; the family were driven to Fort Ticonderoga during the Revolution and obliged to stay there a while after its capture. His son, Dr. Nathan GALE, now resides in Orwell. Mrs. S. A. SANFORD is his granddaughter, and Mrs. Charles H. LANE, a descendant one degree further removed. 

      Simeon POWERS settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Martin WRIGHT, and in 1779 sold it to Matthew LEWIS. 

      Samuel SMITH was probably the first settler on the farm now owned by J. B, BENEDICT. 

      Amos PENNOYER, from Amenia, N. Y., settled about 1798 on the farm now owned and occupied by Mrs. M. J. ELLSWORTH. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and joined the volunteer forces in the War of 1812. 

      Jared ABERNATHY was the first settler on the farm now owned by J. W. and D. ABERNATHY, having bought the place in sections from Aaron SCOTT, Martha DOUGLASS and Samuel BENTON. Cyrus ABERNATHY, his father, had before that purchased of Samuel BENTON the farm next south. J. W. and Ann ABERNATHY are grandchildren of Jared. South of the elder Cyrus ABERNATHY, in 1784, Dr. Frederick FORD pitched a hundred acres, and built a log house on the site afterward occupied by the dwelling of P. B. WARNER. In 1795 Dr. Ford sold this estate to his brother-in-law, Moses GOODRICH, and removed to a more central location. 

      On the long since discontinued road which ran north from near the lands now owned by F. H. DEAN, formerly the residence of Mrs. SHERWOOD, to the early home of P. B. WARNER, were several settlers, among whom were Jabez WATROUS, Rev. Benjamin WOOSTER, Abbott TAMBLING, and Henry DAGGETT; the last two named built a dam across the stream and erected a saw-mill, but soon abandoned the enterprise. Some distance west of the road, near the brook, John GILMAN owned one hundred and thirty acres, on which his grantee, Daniel HUNTINGTON, lived until 1803. Deacon Jeremiah BINGHAM and Merrill BINGHAM afterwards occupied that place. 

      On the southern branch of a forked road, extending very early from P. B. WARNER's westwardly across Beaver Brook, one division passing the dwelling of Joseph K. SPERRY, and the other reaching S. S. ROCKWELL, resided David SEYMOUR, partly successor to Samuel BENTON. He sold to Isaac HULL in 1796. The road was discontinued more than sixty years ago. North of Jared ABERNATHY, Truman WHEELER made two pitches in 1783, building on the east side of the road; while between the two Benjamin HAMLIN built on thirteen acres of land, which he sold in 1803 to Abraham BALCOM. Cornelius BUTCHER settled north of WHEELER on a fifteen-acre lot, and in 1800 sold to Joseph HAMLIN, who had bought a lot fifteen years previously of Samuel BENTON. Still farther north John HAMLIN settled on the farm afterwards owned successively by his son Ira HAMLIN, and his grandson, Joseph HAMLIN. The farm so long occupied by Deacon Daniel WARNER was first settled by Benjamin HAMLIN, who was succeeded by John ROCKWELL, Cone ANDRUS, Elisha HURLBUT, and Philip WARNER, a cooper, who came here in 1806 and prosecuted his trade until his death in 1829. His descendants in Cornwall are P. D. WARNER, a grandson, and his children, R. B. WARNER and Mrs. E. A. THRALL, and H. C. WARNER, grandson also of Philip. The descendants of John HAMLIN are Joseph HAMLIN, grandson, Mrs. T. P. D. MATTHEWS, great-granddaughter, and Edward MATTHEWS, her son. 

      Levi SPERRY settled in 1788 on the farm now occupied by his grandson, Albert H. SPERRY, and received the farm as a gift from his father, David SPERRY. 

      In 1783 Thomas HALL pitched several hundred acres, including the present farm of William WRIGHT. His son David settled southwest from his dwelling. He sold fifty acres of his land in 1791 to Nathan INGRAHAM, afterwards owned by Pitts INGRAHAM. Elisha HURLBUT bought a lot of HALL in 1795, and in 1798 sold to John BOYNTON. William WRIGHT is a grandson of Pitts INGRAHAM, Mrs. J. K. WRIGHT being a daughter; S. C. PARKHILL and Mrs. H. J. MANCHESTER are also his grandchildren. South of Thomas HALL's, on the road to West Cornwall on land now owned by H. F. DEAN, the earliest settler was Jeremiah BINGHAM, jr., a nephew of Deacon BINGHAM. He was a soldier of the Revolution. In 1793 he sold to Deacon Jeremiah BINGHAM. 

      Hon. Hiland HALL, nephew of Thomas, above named, came from Bennington to Cornwall in the winter of 1783-84. He was kinsman to the late ex-governor, his namesake. He was born at Guilford, Conn., and removed early to Norfolk; served about three years as orderly sergeant and commissary. He died while on a visit to his father at Norfolk in 1789. He was the first treasurer of Cornwall in 1784, and first representative in the General Assembly in 1786. At the organization of Addison county he was appointed one of the judges of the County Court. He settled where Merrill BINGHAM now lives, having made his purchase of Thomas HALL and Erastus HATHEWAY. After his death the property passed into the hands of Aaron DELONG, who sold to Robert BINGHAM. He remained on the farm all the remaining years of his long life. The rest of the land of Erastus HATHEWAY came into the possession of Aaron DELONG in 1800, who was a prominent man in the early days of the town. His farm is also included in the land now owned by Merrill BINGHAM. 

      Deacon Jeremiah BINGHAM, who has already been mentioned, was one of the original members of the Congregational Church, and was chosen one of the first deacons. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and took an active part in the battle of Bennington, and was connected with the quartermaster's department of the garrison at Ticonderoga before the surrender of the fort to Burgoyne. He was a man of indomitable energy and unusual intelligence, a thorough student of the Scriptures, and a conscientious believer in the truths therein inculcated. He frequently wrote poetry for his own edification. He died at the age of ninety-four years

Concerning the setting off to Middlebury of a portion of Cornwall in 1796, further particulars will be found in the chapter on the history of Middlebury. 

      The early settlers of Cornwall were, almost without exception, men who were inclined by nature to pursuits purely agricultural. The fact of their settling in a town so fertile of soil and poor in water power and shipping facilities sufficiently attests that they hoped to gain a livelihood and more from the tilling of the ground. Communities of men are governed as absolutely by the beneficent and yet inflexible laws of nature's God as are the inanimate and the inorganic elements of creation. Houses must be built and repaired; boots, shoes and harnesses must be used; horses must be shod, and cloth must be woven and made into garments; consequently carpenters and coopers, shoe-makers and tanners, harness-makers and clothiers and blacksmiths are found among the early settlers of Cornwall, distributed in accordance with the convenience of their patrons. The following list of mechanics is taken from the invaluable History of Cornwall, by Rev. Lyman MATTHEWS: Before 1800 -- clothier, Harvey BELL; tanners and shoemakers, Abijah DAVIS, Felix BENTON, Elisha FIELD, Stephen BLACK, Jeremiah ROCKWELL; shoemakers, Samuel PECK, Thomas LANDON, William JONES, Daniel SAMSON; cooper and manufacturer of fan-mills, Samuel INGRAHAM; cooper, Elijah DURFEE; joiners, Asahel PHELPS, Elizur NEWELL, Jacob PECK, Thomas PRITCHARD, DAVIS & SQUIER, Daniel RICHARDSON, Ambrose JUDD, James WALKER; saddler and harness-maker, Abiel ROGERS; spinning-wheels, Calvin and Luther TILDEN; carpenters and joiners, Sanborn BEAN, John MAZUZAN, Reuben PECK, Cone ANDRUS. 

      Between 1800 and 1860 the following mechanics carried on their respective trades, for a longer or shorter period, in town: Blacksmiths, William HAMILTON, Edward HAMILTON, William PECK, Shubael RIPLEY, Stephen HOLLIDAY, George WALKER; tanners and shoemakers, Asa BOND, Julius DELONG, Joseph MYERS, Mark W. MAZUZAN, Daniel FORD, Daniel VALE and _______TAYLOR; wheelwrights, William HAMILTON, Waterman SUNDERLAND, David CLARK; coopers, Jonathan PERRY, Philip WARNER; tailors, ______BROWN, H. E. RUST; carpenters and joiners, Salmon NORTH, Matthew WALLACE, Nathaniel WALLACE, Martin HOPKINS, Elijah FOOT, Calvin FOOT, Isaac MINER, Ebenezer MINER, Luther BALCOM, George BALCOM, Horace A. PINNEY, William BAXTER, James PIPER, P. N. COBB, E. C. CRANE; spinning-wheels, Benjamin ATWOOD. 

      The scanty water power afforded by the sluggish Lemon Fair and the other "thunder shower" streams in town has deterred manufacturers from attempting to build mills of much magnitude. A dam once constructed on land now owned by C. R. WITHERELL was soon abandoned. A saw-mill was also built at an early day on land formerly owned by Garrison W. FOOT, now belonging to A. H. SPERRY, and Jared ABERNATHY and Levi SPERRY, with both interested in opening it. About fifty rods below this mill David PRATT built and operated a grist-mill; Levi SPERRY also ran it for a time. The only other mill ever built in town was on the brook near the residence of Asa BOND in 1860. Luther TILDEN here built a saw-mill and operated also a carding-machine for a short time after 1816 or 1817. It frequently changed owners and has never been a pronounced success. 

      The first merchants in town were Mr. BALLARD and Israel C. JONES. Joshua STOCKWELL, Josiah AUSTIN, Daniel CAMPBELL, Hosea BROOKS, Israel C. MEAD, Samuel EVERTS, William H. REMSEN, P. W. COLLINS, Benjamin F. HASKELL, Calvin M. LEWIS, Ira BINGHAM, A. C. WICKER, Daniel SANFORD, Joel S. LANE, Sylvester B. ROCKWELL, and the Cornwall Mercantile Company have carried on business at different periods since the beginning of the century. The only store now in town is kept by Fred S. HASKELL. The building is owned by his father, Benjamin F. HASKELL, grandson of Joshua STOCKWELL, who built the rear part before 1820 and kept here for a time in company with Daniel SANFORD. B. F. HASKELL, sr., followed them about 1825 and traded here for forty years, selling out to Hugh G. BINGHAM. About 1853 B. F. HASKELL, sr., moved the building back and erected the front part as it now stands. Then he and B. F., jr., traded in company for about five years. After Hugh BINGHAM followed Kirk BINGHAM, Orren DALRYMPLE, Harvey TAYLOR, B. F. WALES, and others. Fred S. HASKELL began business here in September, 1878. 

The most prominent industry in town, and one for which her people are most widely known, is the raising of sheep. Immediately after the importation of Merino sheep from Spain, by Colonel HUMPHREY, of Connecticut, and later by Consul JARVIS, of Wethersfield, Vt., some of the farmers of Cornwall procured some of the variety for the purpose of improving their flocks. MERRILL and A. L. BINGHAM have been among the foremost of breeders. They began importing French Merinos about 1846. Hon. Rollin J. JONES, who contributes a valuable portion of our general chapter on sheep raising in the county, has been and still is one of the most prominent breeders and dealers in town, Sylvester B. ROCKWELL being for some time in company with him in introducing the French Merino in the West. M. B. WILLIAMSON, H. F. DEAN, Rollin LANE, Henry LANE, J. B. and Ira HAMLIN, Henry ROBBINS, C. H. JAMES, John TOWLE, Arthur FIELD, B. S. FIELD, L. W. PEET, W. H. and T. P. D. MATTHEWS, Edgar SANFORD and H. E. SANFORD are also at present engaged in the industry. 

      The Congregational Church of Cornwall, the first religious organization in Cornwall, was formed on the 1st of July, 1785, with the following members: Jared ABERNATHY, Stephen TAMBLING, James Marsh DOUGLASS, Jeremiah BINGHAM, Roswell POST, Daniel SAMPSON, Mary CHIPMAN, and Elizabeth IVES, and during the few weeks following August 21 Jesse CHIPMAN, Mrs. POST, Mrs. TAMBLING, Nathaniel COGSWELL and wife, Joel LINSLEY, Ethan ANDRUS, Isaac KELLOGG, Hiland HALL, and Mrs. IVES were added to the number. 

      On the 20th of July, 1787, a call was extended to the Rev. Thomas TOLMAN, and accepted on the 30th of August. Being the first pastor, he received as his right the lot of land set apart by the charter for the first settled minister, and in addition received from the town "a settlement." The first deacons were Jeremiah BINGHAM, Hiland HALL, and Father William SAMSON. The first meetings were held in Captain BENTON's barn; afterward at his house and the house of Joel LINSLEY. The first house of worship stood west of the highway on which the old red school-house formerly stood. It was completed, probably in the spring of 1791, and first occupied in the following autumn. Mr. TOLMAN was dismissed at his own request on the 11th of November, 1790. 

      In 1796 the place of worship was changed by vote to nearly the present site of the church edifice. The second pastor, Rev. Benjamin WOOSTER, was ordained February 22, 1797. He was dismissed in January, 1802. Notwithstanding the action of the town in reference to the site of the new meeting-house, the building was not commenced until 1803. Rev. Jedediah BUSHNELL was installed on the 25th of May, 1803. His successor, Rev Lamson MINER, served from November, 1836, until January 16, 1839. Rev. Jacob SCALES was installed July 3, 1839, and was dismissed June 16, 1842. Rev. Seagrove W. MAGILL was pastor from July 10, 1844, to the autumn of 1847. In 1846 the church building was entirely rebuilt and renovated at an expense of about $650. The present pastor of this church is Rev. M. C. STEBBINS. 

      The first stated Baptist preaching in Cornwall was by Elder Ephraim SAWYER, who began in 1792. The first church edifice was a log house a few rods north of the ridge near the cemetery. Elder SAWYER remained here until 1801. Measures looking to the erection of a new meeting-house were adopted in 1805 and early in 1807 the building was completed. From 1809 until 1824 Elder Henry GREEN filled the pastorate. The present pastor is Rev. Mr. PALMER, of Middlebury. Since the spring of 1855 there have been intermittent attempts to build up a church of the Methodist persuasion, but the number of persons here are too limited to support a church regularly. 

      The following figures indicate the variation from one decade of years to another of the population of Cornwall since the taking of the first U. S. census: 1791, 826; 1800, 1,163; 1810, 1,270; 1820, 1,120; 1830, 1,264; 1840, 1,163; 1850, 1,155; 1860, 977; 1870, 969; 1880, 1,070.  

Chapter XIX, pages 416-436  
History of the Town of Cornwall. 
"History of Addison County, Vermont,  
With Illustrations And Biographical Sketches 
of Some Of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers."  
Edited by H. P. Smith. Syracuse, N. Y. 
D. Mason & Co., Publishers, 1886.
  

IVES ENOS VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1790
IVES ENOS JR VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1790
IVES ENOS VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1800
IVES ENOS JR VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1800
IVES JARED VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1800
IVES ENOS VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1810
IVES ENOS JR VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1810
IVES JARED VT ADDISON CORNWALL 1810

source link

Danby, VT

East Haven

Joel Northrop, Joshua Austin, Jona Clark, Ezra Ives, Samuel Bishop, Abraham Bishop, Noah Smith Daniel Smith Israel Smith

NO CHARTER IMAGE

NORTHROP THOMAS VT CHITTENDEN FAIRFIELD 1790
WAKEMAN LEVI VT CHITTENDEN FAIRFIELD 1790
(a number of Hulls descended from Jeheil of Norfolk, CT EDMUND JEHIEL LEVI LEWIS SAMUEL P THOMAS )
NORTHROP ABRAHAM VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1800
NORTHROP AMOS VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1800
NORTHROP THOMAS VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1800
WAKEMEN NATHAN VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1800
NORTHROP ABRAHAM VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
NORTHROP ISAAC VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
NORTHROP THOMAS VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
WAKEMAN ISAAC VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
WAKEMAN NATHAN VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
NORTHROP ABRAHAM VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
NORTHROP AMOS VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
NORTHROP HIRAM VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
NORTHROP ISAAC VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
NORTHROP THOMAS VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
NORTHROP THOMAS JR VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
NORTHROP WILLYS VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
WAKEMAN ISAAC VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
Jeheil Hull (Cornelius killingworth) m. Almeda Northrop (Thomas Northrop6, Thomas Northrop5, Thomas Northrup4, William Northrup3, Joseph Northrup2, Joseph Northrup1) b. 11 JUN 1787 New Fairfield, CT, d. 14 MAR 1867 Fairfield, Franklin Co., VT. Bur. North Fairfield Herrick Cemetery, Fairfield, Franklin Co., VT. Almeda m.  Jehiel Hull 17 MAR 1805 Fairfield, VT. Jeheil b. 1 MAY 1784 in Whiting, Addison Co., VT, d. 3 DEC 1826 in Fairfield, VT. Bur. North Fairfield Herrick Cemetery, Fairfield, Franklin Co., VT.

WAKEMAN LEVI VT CHITTENDEN FAIRFIELD 1790
WAKEMAN ISAAC VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
WAKEMAN NATHAN VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1810
WAKEMAN ISAAC VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1820
WAKEMEN NATHAN VT FRANKLIN FAIRFIELD 1800

Fayston, VT

Ephraim Smith, Daniel Sherman, John St. John, Eliphalet Smith, Joshua Smith, Elijah Northrop, Joh n Strong, Esq,

Hartland, VT

Montgomery

Stephen Rowe Bradley, Rev. Hezekiah Gould, Rev. Jonathan Edwards, Rev. David Perry, Rev. Joseph Strong, Thomas Ives.Asa Smith, Thadeus Bradley, John Alford, John Taintor, Joshua Smith, Hannah Clark, Ira Allen,

It is clear that the settlements from the close of the war were quite rapid, as in the fall of 1784 the people petitioned the Legislature, then in session in Rutland, for a new town; a movement indicating that the settlers in those parts of Poultney, Ira, Tinmouth and Wells now included in Middletown, fraternized and felt among themselves mutual interests, in spite of the town lines. Two churches had already been organized -- another proof of that fact -- Congregational and Baptist, and a log church erected near the southeast corner of the present burial ground; the members were from the four towns, but they all had common interests. If the town lines had not been changed, it is more than probable that the same village must have grown up here. The territory was formed apparently by nature for a town, and the increasing number of settlers realized it.

      The prayer of the petitioners for the town was granted. On the 28th day of October, 1784, the following act was passed by the Legislature:

Orwell

Pittsfield, VT
Governor Thomas CHITTENDEN chartered the town on the 29th of July, 1781, to Josiah WRIGHT, Daniel KINNE, Samuel WILCOX and nearly 130 others. The original proprietors, who, from representations made to them, supposed the territory of their infant town to contain land equal in extent to the average township and a half, held their first meeting in Danby in December, 1781, and chose Daniel KINNE moderator, and Solomon STODDARD clerk; they then appointed a committee who, pursuant to the purpose of the appointment, laid out fifty-two and one-half acres to each proprietor, and a like number of acres to each public reservation. In 1787, when another allotment of forty acres to each proprietor was made, it was discovered that the towns of Stockbridge and Chittenden had, as they charged, so over-reached , their proper boundaries as to reduce Pittsfield to a mere gore, equal in extent to less than an average township. They thereupon called another meeting to be held on the 25th of September, 1787, at which  they appointed Asa WHITCOMB and Charles GOODRICH their agents to obtain redress from the Legislature for the unjust encroachments of their neighbors. But their efforts were fruitless; they were told that the land was there and they must look it up, and after more than ten years of vexatious and expensive litigation, they were defeated, and about 14,000 acres of their land was lost to them.

 The first town meeting was held at the house of Daniel ATKINS, who then lived at the mills, and operated them for Charles GOODRICH. There on the 26th day of March, 1793, the town was formally organized by the election of the following officers:

The first men to effect a settlement in Pittsfield were Daniel and Jacob BOW, who, in about 1786, cleared farms in the southern part of the town, the former beginning on the farm now occupied by Daniel AVERY and the latter on the present farm of Artemas HUNT.

Richford, VT

Thomas Ives, Samuel Bishop, Benoni Smith, Jonathan Fitch

Starksborough now Starksboro 1780

Abraham Underhill, Daniel Smith, Joseph Northrop, Jr., John Strong,

Sheffield 1793

Noah Smith, Josiah Burr, Ezra Ives, Lazarus Ives, James Ives, William Beach, Gad Austin, Miles Beach, Hezekiah Sanford, Aaron & Hezekiah Sanford, Jr. , William and Zalmon Sanford, Elijah Burr, Nathan Burr, William Hawley, Jabez Burr, Thomas and Simeon Couch, Jr.

Sandgate, VT

SANDGATE was the eighth town of those now forming Bennington county that was chartered by Governor Wentworth, the grant bearing the date of August 11, 1761, and by calling this the eighth chartered town of the county the reader must assume that Manchester was granted first, although both charters were of the same date. But Sandgate has hardly achieved a prominence in the history of the county equal to Manchester, or perhaps some other towns, but still her people are progressive, and thrifty, and reliable. The geographical position of the town in the county, and its physical features are such as to preclude the probability of the town's ever playing an important part in the county's affairs.

      Sandgate occupies a position in the extreme western part and in the second tier of towns, counting from the north. Rupert lies to the north, Manchester on the east, Arlington on the south, and New York State to the west. Communication with the other towns of the county is difficult except by the highway leading south into Arlington, which may be considered a reasonably fair route of wagon travel. With Manchester the town connects by two roads, the one in the extreme south part passing around the south base of Mount Equinox, and the other in the northern part through the "notch" as it is called. Another road communicates with Rupert on the north, and still another with New York State on the west, the last named being probably the most used of any, for it is in New York State that the bulk of the town's products finds a market.

      Sandgate is an exceedingly hilly and mountainous region, the greatest altitude being reached on Mount Equinox, which is something like three thousand feet higher than the level country to the west of it. Mount Equinox, on the Taconic range, occupies a large proportion of the lands in the eastern part of the town, while the other prominent peaks, Swearing Hill and Minister Hill, likewise make their portion of the town practically useless for general agriculture. Generally throughout the whole north part of the town, as well as elsewhere, high hills prevail thus making farm labor expensive and unprofitable. But Sandgate is not without excellent farming lands, for through the valley of Green River there are as fertile tracts as car be found in the county, but the flat lands are quite limited in extent. The latter are of course more easily cultivated and produce better results, perhaps; but the rolling lands are more easily drained and can be broken and tilled earlier in the season.

      The town of Sandgate, as has been stated, was chartered August 11, 1761 to John PARK and sixty-five other grantees, but its settlement did not commence until some ten or more years afterward. The first settler is said to have been Joseph BRISTOL, but of him there appears no record, in fact the old record books that should contain the transactions of the early residents are in such a deplorable condition as to be practically useless. The first deed for the conveyance of land in the town appears to have been executed in 1778, and recorded in 1782. Abner HURD was the first town clerk and justice of the peace. George PECK was justice of the peace, town clerk, and surveyor from 1801 to 1828. Walter RANDALL was clerk of the town for twenty-five years. Reuben THOMAS and ____ ____, were likewise early justices of the peace, latter in 1786. Reuben THOMAS was the first representative from the town, chosen in 1778.

      Among the pioneer residents of this town was Captain Lewis HURD, who came here in the winter of 1783. He became at once one of the leading men of the town and vicinity, enjoying the esteem and confidence of all who knew him. An additional interest attaches to the life of Captain HURD from the fact of his having been a soldier in the American army during the Revolutionary War, and as such, having served under the immediate command of General Washington. "His first term of service continued about six months but this period saw him with the army in New York City in July 1776. He was with Washington in his memorable retreat from Long Island, but soon after was taken sick with camp fever, and was carried across the North River into New Jersey where he was left some six weeks. In May, 1777, he enlisted to serve during the war, and was at the taking of Fort Montgomery, was at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-78, at the battle of Monmouth in 1778, with Mad Anthony WAYNE at the storming of Stony Point in 1779, and at Jamestown in July, 1781. Captain HURD was on General WAYNE's staff for a time, and also with Marquis de LAFAYETTE during his journey through Virginia, and at the famous battle of Yorktown." Captain HURD lived in Sandgate from 1783 until the time of his death in December, 1848, he then being ninety years of age. He was one of the Congregational Church at Sandgate and one of its most liberal and devoted members. The descendants of Lewis HURD, and his kinsman, Abner HURD, are still numerous in the town and among its leading citizens. Another of the old families of the town was that of Rev. Charles NICHOLS, who was a prominent minister here many years ago. But little is known of his family, except that Charles, jr. was one of his children. The latter married into the old BRISTOL family of the town, and had several children, as follows: Marshal; Burton, Gaylord, Harry, Chloe, Ann, and possibly others. Sherman and Ezra NICHOLS, both now residents of Dorset, are sons of Gaylord NICHOLS by his marriage with Polly DAYTON, of Sandgate, she being also of an old family of the town. Among the other old and respected families and persons of Sandgate the names of some can be remembered, such as PROBAN, HAMILTON, WOODWARD, ROBINSON, RANDALL, COVEY, HOYT, WYMAN, BEEBE, BENNETT, PECK, SMITH, DRAPER, and others equally prominent; and while all of these may not be of pioneer descent, they nevertheless represent an element of entire respectability and as worthy of mention as pioneers.

      During the Revolutionary period and preceding that time, while this whole region of country was in dispute between the New Yorkers and those holding under the New Hampshire charters, the township of Sandgate was uninhabited save by a very few persons; and therefore this section was not disturbed, or at least there is no record of any disturbance on the part of the claimants from the west of Hudson's River. In the proceedings of the governor and council the first mention made of the town of Sandgate appears in connection with the organization of military companies for the Fifth Regiment, for which the sixteenth company was to have been recruited in that town; but the names of officers or men do not appear, from which it is fair to assume that the town had not sufficient population to furnish a company, however small. This theory would seem correct from the tenor of a subsequent order issued to Colonel Gideon WARREN of the Fifth Regiment by which he was directed to "draft twenty-seven good, effective men," "to be drafted" out of the towns of Rupert, Dorset, Sandgate, and Manchester; a similar order was directed to Colonel Samuel HERRICKS also in 1778, by which that officer was commanded to raise thirty men from the towns of Sandgate, Manchester, Dorset, Rupert, and Danby. In the proceedings of the Board of War, that body, by an order dated at Arlington, May 11, I780, directed the selectmen of the several towns in general and of Sandgate in particular "to collect thirty pounds of salt pork for each man raised in your town, or ordered to be raised for the defense of the frontier," etc.; and further, "you will use your utmost discretion in collecting said pork, and as it is of absolute necessity you will not fail to carry this order into execution, for which this shall be your sufficient warrant. You will keep accounts of the pork you furnish and the expense of transportation, for which your town will be paid by this State." Signed by Thomas Chittenden, governor. It seems from subsequent records that the town of Sandgate furnished two men for the service, consequently the quantity of pork to be raised amounted to sixty pounds. This was collected, as will be seen from the following communications:

 So far as the records show this was about the extent of the transactions that the town took any part in during that period. It had at that time a population of perhaps a hundred persons, or about fifteen or twenty families -- not more. After the War of the Revolution had ceased, and the proceedings which preceded Vermont's admission to the Union were terminated, the town grew rapidly, so that in 1791 the population amounted to 733.. In 1800 it reached 1,020; in 1810, 1,187; in 1820, 1,185. Then begun a general decline in numbers, the falling off between the last year named and 1830 being 252; in 1840 it had fallen to 777; by 1850 it had increased to 850, and then dropped again; in 1860 reaching 805; in 1870, 705, and by the last census of 188o the population was only 681.

      The town of Sandgate is not exclusively devoted to agriculture, as it enjoys a reputation for the production of lumber and other commodities made from wood that is somewhat surprising, when we consider the fact that it has no means of transportation other than by teams. Green River, as it courses rapidly down through the town, furnishes an abundant water power, and this is utilized to a large extent for various manufacturing purposes. Several members of the HURD family have been engaged in milling industries for a long time. Then there was Dr. SMITH's oyster keg factory, COVEY's brush-back factory, PROVAN's grist-mill, CONKEY's saw-mill, and others; but the largest, perhaps, of the mills along the river is that now operated by STICKLE Brothers, who came up here not long ago from Shaftsbury, and are doing an extensive business. But there was a time when Sandgate was an important town in the sheep and wool growing industries, the rolling and mountainous country being admirably adapted to this use; but, like many other things, this has declined, not that the land is by any means exhausted, but rather owing to the decline in the price of wool.

In matters pertaining to the spiritual welfare of the people the town of Sandgate is as forward as any in the county in proportion to respective population There are two organized church societies, the Congregational and the Methodist Episcopal, the former formed in 1792, and the latter in 1830. The Congregational Society built their church edifice in 1827, and repaired it in 1846. The M. E. Church now used was built in 1878. Neither of these are structures of elaborate design, but plain, modest appearing buildings, designed for the use and occupation of humble worshipers, rather than for ostentatious display.

History of Bennington County, Vt. 
With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches 
of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers. 
Edited by Lewis Cass Aldrich. 
Syracuse, N. Y., D. Mason S Co., Publishers, 1889

Wallingford, VT

Amos Ives, Abraham Ives, Stephen Clark, Daniel Bradley, Reuben Ives, Jotham Ives, Jonah Ives ,

      About the year 1805 Joseph CRAWFORD began preaching the doctrines of Calvin in Pittsfield, and soon succeeded in organizing a church. Meetings were held in private houses until Edward ROLLINS, of the Christian denomination, came here and by his efforts virtually disbanded the Methodist and organized there from a Christian church. In a few years, however, the excitement of the new faith abated, the Methodist organization revived, and erected a church edifice, which they occupied until 1859, when the old house was sold, removed, and converted into a town hall, its present use. A new edifice was at once erected on the old site. In 1882, a spire was added to the building, and in the summer of 1885 was thoroughly repaired and refurbished. Rev. Ira BEARD was one of the most influential of their pastors. Of late years the Conference has sent Revs. Moses ADAMS, C. DINGMAN, A. T.  FARLEY, W. S. SMITHERS. The present officers of the church are C. A. BROWN, class leader; Lyman PARMENTER, J. A. PARMENTER, and C. A. BROWN, stewards. George MCCOLLUM, Sunday-school superintendent. The present membership of the church numbers about eighty, and the average attendance at Sunday-school is about seventy. The church property is valued at about $3,500, including the parsonage.

Wells, VT

WELLS is situated in the southwestern part of the county, and bounded on W the north by Poultney and Middletown; on the east by Tinmouth and Middletown; on the south by Pawlet, and on the west by Washington county, N.Y. The township was originally laid out six miles square, with 23,040 acres, an allowance being made for ”highways and unimprovable land by rocks, ponds, mountains and rivers." On the 28th of October, 1784, 6,118 acres were taken from the northeast corner of the town as a part of Middletown, and on the 31st of October, 1798, nearly 4,000 acres more were taken from the northeast part and annexed to Poultney, leaving only about 13,000 acres in the town. The town was chartered by Benning WENTWORTH under date of September 15, 1761, to Captain Eliakim HALL and sixty-three others; very few, if any, of these ever resided here. 

The town was organized March 9, 1773, with Ogden MALLORY, moderator, and John WARD, clerk. At the second meeting, held November 1, 1773, Ogden MALLORY, Daniel CULVER, Joseph LAWRENCE, Abner HOWE and John WARE were chosen selectmen. Ogden MALLORY, Timothy MOSS and Reuben SEARLE were the first listers, elected March 11, 1777. In 1780 there were twenty-three freemen in the town as follows: Ogden MALLORY, Gideon SEARLS, Abe MERRIMAN, Reuben SEARS, Increase RUDD, Zacheus MALLORY, Silas MALLORY, Caleb SMITH, Timothy MOSS, Barnabas MOSS, John MOSS, Richard CROUCH, Samuel CULVER, Gill MALLORY, Benjamin RICHARDSON, Abner HOWE, Jonathan WEBB, Alexander GORDON, Ebenezer SUMMER, jr., Joshua CULVER, Ebenezer WELTON, Daniel CULVER, Daniel MCINTOSH.

      Of the pioneers of the town the following brief memoranda must suffice: Davis AMIDON settled early on the turnpike road in the west part and kept a tavern on the site now occupied by David J. MORRIS.

      Joseph ANDREWS, from Granville, N. Y., in 1801, settled in the west part of the town, and died in 1821. Isaac ANDREWS was one of the earliest settlers and was town clerk some years prior to 1790, Simeon ATWATER came into the town in 1800 and settled in the west part, where John PORTER now lives; he had previously lived a few years in Pawlet; he had three sons, Daniel, Jonathan and Stephen, and two daughters. Daniel ATWATER settled here and remained until his death, in 1861, in the second house east of Mr. PORTER's where Asa ATWATER now lives. Jonathan and Stephen ATWATER were also residents of the town, the former removing to Middletown in 1832. Bethuel BARDEN came to Wells in 1816 and located where John BARDEN now resides; he died in 1831.  John married Susan LAMB and they had sons, Edgar O., Adams L., Ferrin and Herbert E. John BARDEN has represented the town in the Legislature and held many town offices. Robert BEEBE was an early settler in the west part of the town, and his son, Ozias, who lived where his son John now resides, passed his life here. David BLOSSOM was an early settler where H. W. Lewis now lives; he left the town in 1804; his son David C. lived in town until 1816 and William until 1832. Peter BLOSSOM, brother of David, settled where Rodney M. LEWIS lives; he served in the Revolutionary War. His son Seth died in the town in 1859; was wealthy and represented the town several years. Amos BOWE, from Middletown, Conn., was an early settler near Pond Bridge on the place now owned by Alva MITCHELL; he was an exceptional scholar for those times, and died in 1844. Samuel BROUGHTON was an early settler and a leading citizen; he removed to Moriah, N. Y., in 1825. His brother John came early to the town, locating on the farm owned by Daniel FRANCIS; he removed away in 1828. Joseph BUTTON came to the town with his father, Matthias, in 1785, locating where Marcellus FRANCIS lives; he had a large family; was justice more than forty years and in the Legislature two years; he died in 1826. Joseph, jr., lived on the homestead until 1833, when he removed to Chautauqua county, N. Y. Ebenezer BUTTS, from Canterbury, Conn., came here about 1787 and settled on "Butts Hill" where William COOPER now lives; he was the first settler in that part and had a family of seven children. Andrew CLARK, from Cheshire, Conn., settled in 1790 on a farm now owned by Isaac MITCHELL and occupied by Myron WILLARD; his family comprised ten children; he died 1819 and had occupied the office of selectman fourteen years. His son John spent his life in the town and died much respected in 1845. Stephen CLARK, also one of the early settlers, located in the west part of the town on a farm now owned by John PORTER and occupied by Mr. LARKIN; he was justice a number of years and one of the early school teachers; he died in 1827. Roswell CLARK, also from Cheshire, came in with his wife on horseback and settled a few miles north of his brothers, where his son Hoel now lives. William CROSSMAN came into the town in 1796 and settled on a farm now owned by Henry C. BURTON; he commanded a company in the Revolution. 

      Thomas CLEMENS settled in the east part in 1783 and was the father of five children. His son Michael succeeded to the homestead and in turn transferred it to his son Wesley, who became a prominent and useful citizen; held the office of justice many years and various other town offices; he died suddenly in 1849, leaving a family of eleven children. Joel CLEMONS settled early on land now owned by Hiram FRANCIS; he had two sons, Asa and Thomas; the former took the homestead and died in 1865; his widow and two of her sons, Joel and Alexander, still reside in the town. Giles COOK came to the town about 1780 and located about a fourth of a mile east of the village; he removed west early. Abner CONE was one of the earliest settlers, locating where James H. PARKS lives. William COWDRY came to the town in 1787 and settled where D. N. LEWIS lives; he removed to Middletown in 1809. His son Oliver became mixed up with Mormonism. (See history of Middletown herein.) Josiah Cross settled in the latter part of the last century on the north part of the farm now owned by Cyrus JENNINGS and occupied by Henry REYNOLDS; he removed to Roxbury, Vt., in 1833. His brother Samuel came in at the same time.

      Daniel CULVER settled in the town in 1771 and was the first representative from this town to the General Assembly; his daughter Catherine was the first person married in the town, according to the records. Daniel's son Samuel settled where Henry MCFADDEN lives and acquired a competency by dealing largely in wild land; he held many town offices and died in 1831. Joshua CULVER, brother of Samuel, came in about the same time; Rogers CULVER succeeded to his homestead, but removed to Michigan in 1832. Ebenezer DART a Revolutionary soldier lived several years in town and has descendants here now. John S. DAVIS, another Revolutionary soldier, came from Granville in 1815 and died here in 1845. Azariah and Jedediah DERBY, brothers, came from Connecticut, the former settling where John BORDEN lives and the latter on the farm owned by CARPENTER brothers; they both removed west many, years ago. Nathan FRANCIS settled where Martin PARKS lives in 1783, coming from Wallingford, Conn.; his three brothers, Jonathan, Hezekiah and Joel, came with him. He was a member of the Legislature two years and held other offices; he died in 1846. The families of this name have been prominent in the town. Joel FRANCIS spent a long life in town and had a family of six children. John FRANCIS came from Wallingford, Conn., in 1783 and raised a large family; he died in Middletown. Timothy FULLER came from Barnstable, Mass., in 1794,now settled where Hiram FRANCIS now owns. He was a respected citizen and father of a large family. Levi FRY settled in the east part in 1783, and died about 1820. His brother David also lived here. Alby GEER was an early settler in the southwest part. His son Cyrus resided in town until his death in 1862. Rufus GLASS came from Connecticut in 1786 and settled where Wesley ROWE lives; he and his wife died of the epidemic which prevailed in 1813.His son Arunah lived on the homestead until 1855, when he removed °to Illinois. Samuel GLASS came in 1786 and located where William NICKS lives, adjoining his brother Rufus; he died in 1813. Josiah GOODSPEED, sr., came into town in 1794, married Jemima BLOSSOM and they lived together nearly sixty years; both died in 1826. Ansel GOODSPEED settled in the same year where Ann MCBREEN lives; he was an influential and respected citizen; was town clerk forty-six years, justice of the peace many years, and two years in the Legislature; he died in 1847. Gershom GIFFORD came to the town in 1786, locating on the place now occupied by Hoel CLARK; he died in 1795. Daniel GOODRICH was an early settler where Ira GOODSPEED lives; he reared a large family. His son Roswell built the grist-mill operated in later years by Orville GOODRICH; his son Halsey occupied the homestead to 1833, when he purchased the grist-mill and ran it until his death in 1857. Isaac GOODSELL purchased land in Wells before the war, which was occupied by his son Daniel from 1797 for sixteen years; he removed to Ontario county, N. Y. Winslow GOODSPEED came to the town in 1794 and located where his grandchildren now own; he died in 1842; his son, Winslow, jr., located east of the village and became a prominent citizen, holding several offices. Stephen GOODSPEED also settled in the town in 1794 and died in 1845. This family name has been numerously represented in the town and its possessors prominent in various directions. 

      Nathaniel GROVER came from Massachusetts early and located in the east part of the town where Benjamin NORTON lives; he removed to Tinmouth. His son Allen taught school for eleven winters in town, held several offices and carried on mercantile business more than thirty years. Hon. M. D. GROVER, of Port Henry, N. Y., is his son, and another son is Dr. A. C. GROVER, also of Port Henry. Matthew, James and Zalmon HALL were early settlers in the town; the two former removed away. 

      John C. HOPSON came from Wallingford, Conn., at an early day and settled where N. W. CRANDALL lives. His son Oliver was ordained as a minister and preached in Wells and Poultney, but later removed to Connecticut. His son Almon lived and died in the town; was a teacher many years and held various offices. John C. jr., removed to Whitehall, N. Y., in late years; he represented the town two years. Raymond H. lived in the village, where he carried on blacksmithing and the grocery business; he is deceased. Robert HOTCHKISS came into the town in 1796 and settled on lands now owned by Alva MITCHELL; in 1810 he removed to the north-east part of the town, where William DONAHUE lives; he died in 1829. Joshua HOWE came front Connecticut in 1783 and settled on the place afterward occupied by his grandson, Joshua, and now owned by Downer PERRY. He built the first grist-mill in town, the walls of which still stand on land owned by H. W. LEWIS. He died in 1800. His son Samuel settled on part of the home stead. Joseph, another son, also located on part of the homestead where Downer PERRY lives; David lived where Linus ATWATER now resides. The family has been numerous and respected. Aaron IVES settled in town in 1785, where Darius PARKS now lives; he died in 1801. Aaron KELLOGG settled early on the place occupied by Henry REYNOLDS, and removed thence to Stowe, Vt. Joseph LAMB, from Norwich, Conn., located about 1778 where William COOPER lives in the northeast part of the town; he died in 1809. His son Levi was a respected citizen and died in 1835. 

      Phineas LAMB came into town in 1804 and settled where William HICKS lives in the north part of the town; he was a Revolutionary soldier. His son, Captain William LAMB, was a leading citizen of the town; captain of the militia; town clerk seventeen years and held many other offices. Rev. Shubel LAMB was a son of Joseph, before mentioned, and lived in town until his death in 1850; he was a local preacher for nearly sixty years and was in the Legislature two years. This family has been one of the most numerous and respected in the town. The same may be said of the LEWIS families. Barnabas LEWIS, with his son Benjamin, came to Wells from Cheshire, Conn., about 1807, having been preceded previous to 1800 by his sons Zurial and Levi.; David, another son, came also to the town some time before the Revolution. The latter owned and occupied the farm of Oscar SPRAGUE and died in 1845; David B. succeeded to the homestead of his father and died in Poultney in 1866. Levi lived a short distance north of the village; he was a tanner and died in 1811. Artemas LEWIS, son of Levi, lived at the village and held the office of justice many years. Orlin, brother of Artemas, was postmaster several years and filled several town offices with ability; he died in 1865. William LEWIS came from Pawlet and settled on the farm now occupied by Daniel FRANCIS; he died in 1836; his son John lived on the homestead until 1864, when he removed to Poultney. Zenas LEWIS lived where James S. GOODSPEED now resides until about 1843, when he removed to Tinmouth. Walter LEWIS came to the town in 1832, and lived here until his death in 1867. Nathaniel LEWIS was an early settler and lived on the farm now owned by D. S. PARKS in the northern part of the town; his son Reuben was a physician in this town several years and went west. Benjamin Lewis, sen., came to town in 1807 and settled on the place now owned by Hiram W. LEWIS; he died in 1847 leaving a family. Benjamin, jr., with his son Rodney, has been engaged in manufacturing and mercantile business in the town. Ambrose LEWIS lived on the place now owned by George and Frank GOODSPEED; he removed west many years ago. It will be seen that this family has been one of the most numerous in the town, and many of the name have been prominent in the community. 

      Benjamin LUMBARD came with his family of seven children and located here in 1797; descendants have lived in the town since. Mallory OGDEN was the first settler in the town, coming in 1768; he built the first framed barn in Wells; its site was near the dwelling owned by William COOPER and occupied by William B. SPENCER; he died in 1811, aged ninety-one; he had four sons. His brother Zacheus came in about the same time little is known of his history. Abel and Samuel S. MERRIMAN came to the town early; the latter died in 1847; he lived south of the village where William S. NORTON owns and had a large family, Hallowel MERRILLS came early from Worthington, Mass., and settled on the farm owned and occupied by Henry and Harvey JOHNSON; his son Thaddeus passed a long life in the town. Levi MERRILLS came from New Hampshire in 1813 and removed to Middletown in 1833, Timothy MORSE, from Farmington, Conn., settled in town in 1772; he served in the French and Revolutionary Wars, and died in 1828, aged ninety. Elijah PARKS came from Canterbury, Conn., in 1787, and settled where E. R. PEMBER now lives; he was town clerk from 1790 to 1799; taught school for nearly twenty winters, and removed to Granville in 1811. His son Joseph resided on the farm now occupied by his son Martin until 1848. He held many offices; was representative three years from 1834, and selectman longer than any other person; he died in 1868. 

      Elijah PARKS, jr., lived in the north part of the town and died in 1859. His son Robert E, resided on the homestead until his death in 1868, Robert PARKS was born in this town and always lived here as a leading citizen. Simeon PARKS came from Canterbury in 1787; he died in 1817, leaving a large family; his son Harvy lived on the homestead now occupied by his son, James H. Parks; he was a prominent citizen and represented the town two years, besides holding many other offices; he died of cancer in 1867. His son James H. has also been in the Legislature and held various other offices. James Paul was one of the first settlers in the eastern part of the town, and died in 1805 aged eighty. His youngest son Stephen succeeded to the homestead and was born December 31, 1773; is said to have been thirteen years old when his father came to Wells. He died in 1843, aged seventy. Of his sons, Eliakim became a physician and practiced all his life in Middletown. His youngest son was Nelson, born in 1813; represented the town three years in the Legislature and held other offices. His son Hiland E., born December 31, 1836, was superintendent of schools four years and represented the town in the Legislature in 1862 63, He is the author of the history of Wells, from which we derive much of the information for this chapter.  Jesse PARSONS came into the town in 1787, but removed to Genesee, N, Y. in 1804. John PEMBER settled in the north part of the town at an early day; removed to Chautauqua county many years ago.  His son Frederic lived on the place now owned by C. W. BURTON; was a member of the Methodist Church nearly sixty years and much respected; he died in 1859; his family was prominent in the community. 

      Captain William POTTER was an early settler, coming from New London, Conn., to Pawlet and thence to Wells; he died in 1827, leaving a large family. His son William, Jr., spent most of ' his long life in town and reared a large family. Dr. Samuel POTTER practiced here a number of years and removed to Pawlet, where he died in 1835, Fayette POTTER, of Pawlet, is his son. Seth POTTER lived on the place now owned by C. A. PARKER; he was a son of Captain William. Abel, another son, resided in the village, but went to Rochester, N. Y., about 1826, where he died. John PRAY, sen., came here with his son of the same name in 1778, and died a few years later. John PRAY, jr., was a respected citizen and held the office of selectmen many years. He removed to Harmony, N. Y., in 1835 and died in 1844. Benjamin RIDER came from Barnstable, Mass., in 1794; he died in 1824, leaving a large family. Elida SPRAGUE settled on the place now owned by Wesley ROWE; he had a family of six children and died in 1860. Peter STEVENS came from Connecticut in 1786, and died in 1821. His son Abner lived on lands now owned by Hiram FRANCIS, and died there. Gould STILES, Jr., settled in the north part of the town on the farm now owned by William HICKS; he came from Middletown about 1805, and died in 1867. Amos TOOLY came from Poultney about 1815 and lived in the northern part of the town; he died in 1822, leaving a large family. Jason TYLER, from Connecticut, was one of the first settlers in the town and reared a numerous family; he died in 1819. 

      A.B. TYLER was a leading citizen, a justice several years and held other offices.  Ziba WARE was one of the early blacksmiths of the town and died many years ago; his son Lyman lived here until his death in 1839. David WARD was an early settler on the place owned by Darius PARKS. Abijah WILLIAMS settled in the west part of the town and removed to Poultney in 1810. Daniel WYMAN settled on the place now occupied by Alva MITCHELL; he died in 1787 and was the first person buried in the village burying-ground.

      The foregoing sketches embrace brief records of nearly all of the earlier settlers of this town; other names will appear in connection with the business and professional interests. The labors of these forefathers have been efficiently supplemented by their descendants, placing this town on a level with others of the county, as regards its material advancement and its morality and intelligence. Ogden MALLORY, the first settler, found the town an unbroken wilderness, inhabited by wild animals; today it is made up largely of well-tilled farms and comfortable homesteads. In the language of Mr. PAUL, "Since the early settlement of the town, time has wrought many and marked changes both natural and social. The first settlers here, full of courage and self reliance, brought but little with them, relying mainly on their own strong arms to furnish subsistence to sustain life. It was with great difficulty that they could obtain the necessaries of life for their families, when first they came here; for after erecting cabins to shelter their families and protect them from wild beasts; they were obliged to cut down and fall into heaps many a noble pine, as well as oak and maple, and then burn them in order to raise their wheat and corn." 

      The lives of the inhabitants of Wells have been in the main peaceful and the growth and improvement uninterrupted, if gradual. The remarkable cold summer of 1816 caused considerable loss to farmers and some suffering. It is said that a flock of sheep owned by Jason Tyler in the west part of the town; were found frozen to death in June, having been sheared but a short time before.

      The people of this town took an early interest in religious matters. In April, 1774, the town voted to build a "meeting-house" on the east side of the channel which connects the two ponds that form Lake Austin, and in the following October a committee was appointed to hire a minister. In May, 1789, a committee appointed for the purpose selected ten acres of land, and on the tract the town voted "To build a church thirty-six feet in length by one story and a half high." The land is now owned by Alva MITCHELL and is on the rise between the pond bridge and Pond Mountain, on the north side of the highway. In the next year, 1790, the church was erected, but it was never entirely finished on the inside. The building was blown down on the 27th of March, 1847. On the same tract of land the first burial ground was laid out and there were buried many of the early settlers.

      In 1799 a committee of five men consisting of Simeon FRANCIS, Joshua CULVER, Joseph BUTTON, Samuel HOW and Jonathan PAUL, was appointed to "circulate a subscription paper to procure means to build a house for public worship the following year the second church of the town was built on the site of the present Universalist (or Liberal Christian).; Church; the Methodists, Episcopalians and Universalists, in fact, all Christians, worshipped in this church together. Meetings were held here until 1855.

      There was a Methodist class in this town, with Nathaniel LEWIS as leader, about as early as 1780. In 1789 Rev. Darius DUNHAM came here as preacher, and a revival followed his labor in which there, were some thirty conversions. After this revival a class was organized in the east part of the town with Michael CLEMONS as leader. Lorenzo DOW frequently preached in Wells in 1797-98.  The first church edifice was erected at East Wells about 1805; it was not entirely finished, and was taken down in 1810 and removed to the site of the present church at that point; this was again demolished in 1856 and the present building erected. In 1842 a neat church was erected at the village. There are only occasional services held at East Wells and Rev. F. CAMERON, of Pawlet, preaches at the village. The first Sunday-school was established at East Wells in 1823.

      Among the early settlers were several families of this denomination. About the year 1810 Rev. Stephen JEWETT came into this section and preached for a time. A Protestant Episcopal Church (St. Paul's) was organized at Wells in April, 1824.  Rev. Palmer DYER officiated as rector here and at Granville. A church was erected in 1840. The society has declined in numbers, and Rev. E. H. RANDALL, of Poultney, preaches alternate Sabbaths.

      A number of the early inhabitants were of this faith, and in 1821 the Rev. Aaron KINSMAN located here as a minister and a small church was built; this gave place to the present church in 1855 and the membership was for a time larger than that of either denomination; but it declined and at present no services in this creed are held.

      There is at the present time no practicing physician nor lawyer in this town. The medical profession has, however, been well represented in past years. Dr. Backus H. HAYNES, now of Rutland, practiced here from about 1841 to 1855. Dr. Socrates HOTCHKISS was one of the pioneers of the town and came from Cheshire, Conn., in 1795. He built the house now occupied by Joel S. WILCOX. He died in 1810 and was known as a skillful practitioner. Dr. James MOSHER practiced here a few years, but died in the early part of his career in 1816. Dr. Joseph MUNSON came from Salem, N. Y., in 1828 and practiced until age unfitted him for business; he lived on the farm occupied by Frank FENTON, who married his granddaughter, and died in 1852. Dr. Charles C. NICHOLS, from Castleton in 1856, practiced here many years.

      Wells village, the only hamlet in the town, is situated a little southwest of the center. Many of the early merchants and manufacturers have been noted. The distilling of liquor was quite an industry in the town before the building of railroads in the vicinity, and four distilleries were in existence at one time. The first was owned by Peter KING and located where the union store was afterwards carried on; it was in operation before 1800. The next one was established by Abel POTTER about 1809 and located at the foot of Pond Mountain. The next was established about 1826 by Samuel RUST, and was near the residence of Frank and George GOODSPEED. The last was owned and run by Elijah PARKS, about 1829, and was near the present residence of William HICKS. All of these have been abandoned many years.

      The manufacture of potash was also carried on quite extensively in early years, and served as a means for exchange between the settlers and tradesmen. When money was a scarce article.

      The Lake Austin Knitting Mills are located about half a mile west of the village. This site was purchased by John BLOSSOM about the year 1814 and a clothing works built. In the year 1819 he sold the works to his brother Seth, who continued the business until 1823, when he sold to Henry GRAY; he added cloth machinery, using hand looms only. Mr. GRAY continued the business until 1834 when he sold to Samuel CULVER and Benjamin LEWIS, the business being then carried on under the firm name of CULVER & LEWIS, until 1843, when James LAMB bought Culver's interest and the firm was changed to LEWIS & LAMB, who added power looms and other improved machinery which they continued to operate until the year 1848, when William GOODRICH purchased Lamb's interest, the new firm continuing about one year, when GOODRICH sold out to LEWIS, he continuing the business alone until 1866, when his son, R. M. LEWIS, became associated with him under the firm name of B. LEWIS & Son. In 1873 the firm changed their business and engaged in the manufacture of knit underwear, shirts and drawers, since which time the mills have been known by their present name. The mill was leased to J. S. WILCOX during the years 1876, '77, '78, but was under the management of R. M. LEWIS, the present owner. The mill has been twice destroyed by fire, the first time about the year 1830, and again in 1853. The main building is thirty-five by one hundred feet, two stories high, there also being connected with it a dye-house twenty-two by thirty feet, store-house twenty-five by twenty-five, picker house twenty by twenty-five, and wood-shed twenty by forty feet. The product, amounting to about $20,000 per annum, is mostly sold in New York.

      The first cheese factory was established in 1865 by James NORTON; in the year 1867 he manufactured from the milk of over three hundred cows. Since that date the dairying interest has greatly developed.

      The LEWIS cheese factory was built by Benjamin LEWIS in 1875, and is now owned by Rodney M. LEWIS; it manufactures about 85,000 pounds annually. The Alfred LEWIS cheese factory was built at East Wells in 1871, but has ceased business.

      The Goodrich grist-mill, located in the southwest part of the town, on the outlet of the lake, was erected by Roswell GOODRICH about 1808. In later years it passed to the Halsey GOODRICH estate and is now owned and operated by Irving GOODRICH; it has four run of stones.

      The Wilder LEWIS saw-mill was originally built over fifty years ago; it is on the outlet of Lake St. Catherine, and was rebuilt by Mr. LEWIS in 1851. About 200,000 feet of lumber are manufactured annually.

      GOODSPEED's saw-mill, on Mill Brook, was built by W. GOODSPEED in 1840, and now manufactures about 500,000 feet of lumber annually. A planing-mill and a bobbin factory, with steam power, have been recently added, and the mill is now owned and operated by G. & F. R. GOODSPEED.

      The mercantile business of Wells has never been large, and at the present time there are but two stores. One of these is owned by LEFFINGWELL & Son, of Middletown, and is managed by Elmer E. PAUL; it was started in 1884 and is located in one of the oldest buildings in the place. Allen GROVER had a store in this building in 1836. Messrs. HULL & MCBREEN and W. C. BARKER afterwards kept it. The other store is kept, by O. R. HOPSON, on the site of the store building which was burned in 1882. Mr. Hopson rebuilt and stocked the store.

      The only post-office of the town is at this village; it was presided over in early years by Levi LEWIS, who was followed by Orlin LEWIS. William H. HULL took the office about 1860, to about eight years ago, when  R W GOODRICH took it for about two years; he was followed by J. C. DEAN one year, and he by O, R, HOPSON, the present official. 
 

History of Rutland County Vermont: with Illustrations &  
Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers 
Edited by H. Y. Smith & W. S. Rann 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
D. Mason & Co., Publishers 1886 

Westford, VT

Ebenezer Burr, Benjamin Mills, Thomas Ives,

Amos 1790 Washington, CT
MyAmos is probably too young to be this Amos.Who is this Amos??? Could be Amos Wellman Northrop (Jonathan line) Although AJN has him Residence: BEF 1801 Fishkill, Dutchess Co., NY 16 kids b. Fishkill 1781-1798. He does not marry until about 1781. Not likely he is Amos' father. Since he was a teacher did he move back and forth with the school season?
Is Amos Wellman Northrop the one listed in the Quaker Hill, NY store ledgers? 1790 Census 12200
1 male 16 or over
2 males under 16
2 females any age (Elijah 1790 Washington, CT there are a couple of Elijah's that can be confused. Likely he is the son of Samuel1718 & Lydia Thomas1723. b~ 1761 in Washington CT. m. Lucina Easton (Luxina)1764 (d/o Eliphalet Easton and Mary Gould is this Gould connected to Redding Goulds?) Eliphalet dies in Woodbury in 1785 Washington. Elijah D. 1829 in Humphreysville (Seymour), CT Served (American Revolutionary War) Pension Awarded a pension (#s36199). Did Elijah have any connection to mills and manufacturing in Humphreysville? Died in poorhouse. Can't find any direct connection to myAmos. Other Elijahs 1790-1820 in Lee, MA, Lenox, MA in Oneida - no township listed -- NY in 1810. Elijah in Lenox, MA. None in CT 1 male 16 and over(born 1774 or earlier -- prob at least 22 ~ born 1768 or earlier), 2 males under 16, 2 females Both Elijah and Amos are MIA in 1810. There are many usual suspects in Fairfield VT 1800 census http://dunhamwilcox.net/vt/fairfield_vt_census.htmthere are 3 unreadable northrops in Danby VT in 1810. Check Ira VT for ages.
1817 VT republican ad
1801 VT centinel click to enlarge image

1800 Washington, CT (Elijah is in Washington at the time) (Warren has very few pages of names )

Elijah in 1810 Washington, CT is next to Amos Smith in 1800 he is next to MyAmos!! 1810 Washington has Elijah Northrop next to Amos Smith

click to enlarge image

1800 Kent census

neighbor	birthplace	father	mother	birthyear	spouse	age
York Anthony FREEMAN Caroline, of Sharon, m York ANTHONY of Kent, Nov 23, 1820, by Frederick Gridley
Jacob Fuller Any connection to Capt.Revilio Fuller ? a nephew several times removed Mentioned in Hist of New Milford and Bridgewater married to Rebecca Baldwin b. Sherman Lived Kent D. Salisbury. daughter Adaline m. David Northrop of Sherman Father: Jacob FULLER b: ABT 1739 in Colchester or Kent, Litchfield Co., CT Mother: Elizabeth PAIN b: 26 DEC 1741 in Pomfret, CTBirth: 22 APR 1772 in Kent, Litchfield Co., CT 1 1
James Fuller m. Judith Main entire life in Kent 10010/00110 age 26-45 1755 1774 Name: Northrup Fuller 1 2 Birth: 8 APR 1750 2 Death: UNKNOWN Father: Fuller b: ABT. 1726 Mother: Sarah Northrup(Moses line)b: ABT. 1728 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT Marriage 1 Mary Winters b: 1 APR 1755OR Father: Jacob FULLER b: ABT 1739 in Colchester or Kent, Litchfield Co., CT Mother: Elizabeth PAIN b: 26 DEC 1741 in Pomfret, CT12 DEC 1764 in Kent, Litchfield Co., CT 1 1
Zadoc Elwell Jabez ELWELL b: 1728 Franklin, Dutchess Co. N.YMother: Tabitha JONESPhoebe FOSTER
Amos Smith ? maybe Ridgefield Could also be brookfield/ Danbury Amos Smith or milford amos smith with no northrop connection Father: Jabez SMITH b: 12 Dec 1731 in Ridgefield, Fairfield, CT related to Seymour (Norwalk), Smith, Camp Jabez Smith in mentioned in History of Kent Mother: Rebecca NORTHRUP b: 25 Aug 1735 Ridgefield Father: John Northrup b: 17 JUN 1703 in Milford John is a brother of William of Greenfield Mother: Rebecca Roberts b: ABT. 1707 in Ridgefield, Sister Robah m.Lewis Northrop s/o Daniel (in NY) 1765-1774Marriage 1 Sarah KEELER b: WFT Est 1761-1785	26-35
Rebeccas siblings John Northrup b: 14 JAN 1728/29 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT William Northrup b: 26 OCT 1730 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT Enos Northrup b: 14 SEP 1733 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT Rebecca Northrup b: 25 SEP 1735 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT William Northrup b: 6 FEB 1737/38 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT Ruth Northrup b: 11 JAN 1742/43 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT Samuel Northrup b: 2 FEB 1745/46 in Ridgefield, Fairfield Co., CT
Amos Northrop 1 male (16 to 26) about age 22 1 female Rachel (b 1775) about age 25? Aner father? uncle?
Aner Ives in Woodbury in 1790 Father: Joseph IVES b: 10 DEC 1709 in Wallingford, New Haven, CT Mother: Mamre MUNSON b: 16 DEC 1712 in Wallingford, New Haven, CT dau of Samuel and Mary Preston gdau of Martha Bradley Marriage 1 Rachel WILMOT b: 11 AUG 1743 in New Haven, New Haven, CT13 JAN 1740 in Wallingford, New Haven, CT 1
Asahel IVES in Woodbury in 1790 Marriage 1 Elsey [IVES] b: ABT 1757 b: 25 JUN 1764 in New Haven, New Haven, CT
Aner IVES in Woodbury in 1790 Marriage 1 Sybil ?CASTLE
Gamaliel Fenn Father: John FENN b: 1714 Mother: Susanna GIBSON b: Abt 1727 in Milford, New Haven, CT, USA c: 4 Jun 1727 Marriage 1 Ruth PORTER b: 17 May 1750 Ruth d/o Timothy John Northrop's (John(s/o John and Mary Porter) & Lois) brother-in-law Porter
Joseph Skiff, Jr.
David Bradley 12201 prob b 1753 parents Timothy Bradley b: 30 Apr 1721 NH, Mercy (Marcy) (Mary) Baldwin b: 1 Nov 1724 Milford kids b Kent m to Lydia Smith m. Lydia smith maybe d/o John FULLER b: 10 NOV 1697 in East Haddam, Middlesex Co., CT Mother: Mary CORNWALL b: 21 NOV 1694 in Middletown, CT	1802 Moved from Kent, Litchfield, CT to Greene, NY where he bought 400 acres of land. Birth: 15 FEB 1753 in Woodbridge, New Haven, CT Death: 30 MAY 1837 in Genegantslet, Greene, NY
Asa Parks b. 1859 Plainfield m. 1793 Kent M. Margaret Fuller b. Kent 1766 d/o Jacob FULLER b: 1739 and Elizabeth PAINE b: 1741	In 1827, March 7th, the Kent Iron Works completed its purchase of the Wilson Forge property by buying for $250, "four shares, 1/4 each from Zacariah Winegar, and Garret Winegar, Asa Parks and Harvey Smith, a little north of the gristmill including land, water privileges, coalhouse, and tools, blacksmith shop standing on or near the opposite side of the highway (west) from said forge and 1/4 of its tools.
? Sol Chase b. 1767 s/o Solomon Chase and Rebecca Chamberlain
?
John Howard
a Dutchess pioneer in Salisbury, Gerrit Winegar from old dutchess

MyAmos 1810 possibilities

William (Bill) BISHOP B. 5 Jun 1770 Of Betheleham, CT D. 2 Nov 1796 in ,,Ontario
Father: Ira BISHOP b: 1740 in Bethlehem, CT
Mother: Deborah THROOP b: 22 Apr 1741 in Lebanon, New London, CT

Marriage 1 Phebe BURGISS b: 2 Feb 1766 in Woodbury ,CTChildren

1. Julia BISHOP b: 1 May 1792 in Bethleham,CT

Name: Garry BISHOP Birth: ABT 1800 in of Washington, CT

Marriage 1 Emeline NORTHROP b: 23 MAY 1810 in New Milford, CT d/oAmos NORTHROP b: 11 OCT 1772 in New Milford,& Hannah ELDERKIN b: 1778 in Roxbury, M. 13 MAY 1833 in New Milford,CT 2Name: Naomi BISHOP B.16 JUN 1762 in New Haven, CT 1

Father: David BISHOP b: 30 JUL 1732 in New Haven, CT
Mother: Sarah AUSTIN b: in of New Haven, CT

Marriage 1 Drake NORTHRUP b: 1763 Married: 11 DEC 1783 Brookfield, CT 2Children

1. Albert NORTHRUP b: ABT 1789 CT

maybe an ives connection

ID: I7365 Anne NORTHROP _MARNM: Stone Birth: 20 MAY 1775 in New Milford,CT d. 8 MAR 1829 Kent,CT Burial: Bulls Bridge Cemetery,Kent 1 2

Father: Joel NORTHROP b: 16 MAR 1742 in Newtown,CT
Mother: Eunice MARSH b: 6 DEC 1744 in Mansfield,Tolland Co.,CT
Marriage 1 Elijah STONE b: 1770 in New Milford,CT Children

1. Joel N. STONE b: 1800 in Kent,Litchfield Co.,CT

1820
from History of the Towns of New Milford and Bridgewater,
CT, 1703-1882 By Samuel Orcutt

*** Canfield military record

There are no entries on the right portion with Slaves or Free Colored Persons

1850 Washington, CT Census - Gary Betsey, Mary John and father Amos a Day Laborer at age 71. Just above is David Whitney (David dies 1858 in Washington) and Polly. ?? Could this be Polly Northrop1797 d/o Peter & Lucy Sherman Northrop??
Joel1795 m to Martha Barnes is prob the brother of Gary1800 who m Emeline Northrop d/o Amos NORTHROP b: 11 OCT 1772 d. 21 FEB 1834 in New Milford & Hannah ELDERKIN 1778 Roxbury That Amos line Amos1772<Amos1742 & Anna Baldwin <Amos1689 & Mary GUNN <Samuel1651<Joseph 1623

next page for names Thomas may be Thomas Hawley Canfield d/o Samuel Canfield & Mary Ann Hawley he was b. and m. in VT so this is a return to family origins.

1850 Amos Kent age 78 pauper born 1772 is this another Amos?? one in
Washington seems more reliable Then again both could be correct -- if he moved in 1850 during the census times

The age is correct for Northrop, Amos 11 OCT 1772 New Milford,Litchfield Co.,CT 21 FEB 1834 New Milford,Litchfield Co.,CT Father: Amos Northrop Mother: Anne Grant Spouse: Hannah Elderkin She is still alive is she with kids??

1870 litchfield too old should be 57 or 8

1870 Warren is the right one age 59

• This may be Marjorie Northrop Rutili I think the connection may be through the Ives side, but it might be through both sides. Seems to me I remember Dad (Alvin J.) mentioning relatives in Danbury and maybe an Aunt Emma. ID: I1633 Name: Ernest Weeks NORTHROP Grocer at B. Hawley & Co. Residence: Stepney, Fairfield Co., CT
• Residence: Bridgeport, Fairfield Co., CT
  Father: Joseph Henry Ives b: 27 AUG 1848 in Danbury, Fairfield Co., CT
  Mother: Emma Frances Comes b: 16 JUL 1860 in Danbury, Fairfield Co., CT
  
  Marriage 1 Bessie Lucinda IVES b: 14 Aug 1885 in Danbury, Fairfield, CT Married: ABT 1906Children (traces back to John Ives and Mary Hall.)
  1. Marjorie C NORTHROP b: 22 Nov 1908
  2. Russell Edgar NORTHROP b: 5 Feb 1923
  
  Sources:
  1. Repository: Name: Kay Lewis Baker
     Provo, Utah 84604
     Title: Michael Northrup--E-mail
     Publication: <m-northrup@nwu.edu>
     Note: Data received 5 Feb 2000.