The demand for machinery and equipment produced by the textile 
              industry created opportunities for engineers in Leeds. One of the 
              first was Matthew Murray, who after helping John Marshall introduce 
              machinery into the flax spinning industry, was a leading figure 
              in establishing the company of Fenton, Murray and Wood at the Round 
              Foundry in 1795.  
            Here they produced textile machinery, steam engines and locomotives, 
              including the world's first commercially successful steam locomotive 
              which came into service in 1812 for the nearby Middleton Colliery.             
            During the nineteenth century many small, and some giant, 
              engineering companies grew in Leeds, exporting locomotives, cranes, 
              traction engines and other heavy engineering products around the 
              nation and around the globe.  
            By 1861 engineering was the second largest employer in 
              the city and by 1900 the biggest, employing 20% of the male workforce. 
               
            The firm of Boulton and Watt in Birmingham were so alarmed by Matthew 
              Murray establishing a works in Leeds that they bought adjoining 
              property in an effort to prevent the company expanding, they also 
              engaged in blatant spying or, as it is now known, industrial espionage.             
            In the second half of the nineteenth century the woollen industry 
              in Leeds declined in the face of competition from other growing 
              towns like Bradford. Another textile related industry appeared to 
              take its place, often in the mills abandoned by the woollen manufacturers 
              - ready made clothing. The inspiration behind this new industry 
              came from John Barran. Barran came up with the revolutionary idea 
              of off the peg, ready-made clothing.  
             In the 1850s Barran applied new technology to the industry introducing 
              Singer sewing machines and, more innovatively, a new type of band 
              knife made by Leeds engineers, Greenwood and Batley. The industry 
              flourished in Leeds with a number of companies involved who later 
              became household names, such as Burtons and Hepworths.  
            The big clothing factories were supplemented by large numbers of 
              sweatshops where Jewish immigrants, driven from Russia and Poland 
              after 1881, provided a cheap workforce. The importance of the industry 
              can be gauged from the fact that by 1911 a quarter of women workers 
              in Leeds were employed in the clothing industry.  
               
              courtesy http://www.leeds.gov.uk/armleymills/armmetal.html              |